A Traveler’s Guide to the Best Things to Do in Panama

Introduction to Panama: A Tropical Haven

Panama, a narrow strip of land bridging North and South America, offers an intoxicating blend of natural beauty, rich history, and vibrant culture. This Central American country is bordered by Costa Rica to the west and Colombia to the southeast. Its coastline kisses both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, giving visitors unparalleled access to beaches, marine life, and coastal activities.

Geography and Climate:

• Panama encompasses nearly 75,000 square kilometers.
• The climate is predominantly tropical, with temperatures generally ranging from 75°F to 85°F.
• The nation experiences a dry season from December to April and a rainy season from May to November.

Cultural Melting Pot:

• Panama boasts a rich tapestry of influences from indigenous tribes like the Kuna, Embera, and Ngäbe-Buglé.
• Colonial Spanish roots are evident in architecture and cuisine.
• Modern Panama City is a cosmopolitan hub, home to expatriates from around the globe.

Flora and Fauna:

• Panama’s diverse ecosystems range from rainforests and cloud forests to wetlands and coral reefs.
• The country is home to more bird species than the United States and Canada combined.
• Marine biodiversity is equally impressive, with numerous fish, coral, and marine mammal species.

Historical Significance:

• The famed Panama Canal, completed in 1914, is a marvel of engineering and remains one of the world’s most crucial shipping routes.
• The ancient city of Panama Viejo, founded in 1519, and the well-preserved colonial architecture of Casco Viejo offer glimpses into the past.

Economic and Social Aspects:

• As a major financial hub, Panama City hosts various international banks and lending institutions.
• The country’s stable economy is bolstered by the canal, tourism, and a growing technology sector.
• The social fabric is woven with fiestas, traditional music, and dance, reflecting the nation’s multicultural heritage.

Travel and Accommodation:

• Panama offers a range of accommodations, from luxury resorts and boutique hotels to eco-lodges and budget-friendly hostels.
• Quality infrastructure ensures ease of travel within the country, whether by car, bus, or domestic flights.

By welcoming visitors with its warm climate, diverse ecosystems, and cultural richness, Panama stands as an enticing destination for those seeking an enriching travel experience.

Exploring Panama City: The Heart of the Country

Panama City, the vibrant capital of Panama, is a compelling blend of modernity and rich history, offering travelers a plethora of experiences. The city’s skyline is a testament to its growth and ambition, characterized by modern skyscrapers, yet it maintains a deep connection to its past through its historical districts and landmarks.

Historical Districts

• Casco Viejo: This UNESCO World Heritage site is a charming neighborhood with cobblestone streets, colonial buildings, and vibrant nightlife. Visitors can explore historic churches such as the Metropolitan Cathedral and landmarks like Plaza de Francia.
• Panama Viejo: The ruins of the original city, founded in 1519, offer a glimpse into the country’s colonial past. The Archaeological Site of Panama Viejo provides an insightful journey through history with its museum and preserved structures.

Modern Attractions

1. Biomuseo: Designed by Frank Gehry, this museum offers a unique look at Panama’s biodiversity and its role in connecting continents. The colorful structure itself is an architectural marvel.
2. Amador Causeway: Extending three miles into the Pacific Ocean, the causeway offers spectacular views of the skyline and the Panama Canal. It’s ideal for biking, rollerblading, and leisurely walks.
3. Cinta Costera: An extensive waterfront park providing stunning views of the bay. Facilities include cycling paths, playgrounds, and event stages.

Gastronomic Delights

Panama City boasts a culinary scene that reflects its diverse culture. Renowned dining spots include:

• Donde José: Offers a tasting menu that creatively showcases Panamanian ingredients.
• Maito: Known for its fusion of traditional and modern Panamanian cuisine.
• Mercado de Mariscos: The city’s seafood market where visitors can enjoy fresh ceviche and other local favorites.

Shopping and Entertainment

• Albrook Mall: One of the largest shopping malls in Central America, featuring an array of international and local brands.
• Soho Mall: A luxury destination for high-end shopping and dining experiences.
• Multiplaza: Offers a mix of retail, dining, and entertainment options, including a modern cinema complex.

Nightlife

Panama City’s nightlife is vibrant and varied:

• Casco Viejo: Home to trendy rooftop bars and live music venues.
• Calle Uruguay: A bustling nightlife district with an abundance of clubs, bars, and lounges.
• The American Trade Hotel: Offers a sophisticated atmosphere with live jazz performances and an exquisite cocktail menu.

In summary, Panama City, with its dynamic fusion of the old and new, provides an enriching travel experience, making it the heart of Panama.

Historical Marvels: The Panama Canal and Beyond

The Panama Canal stands as a testament to human ingenuity and determination. Initially opened in 1914, this marvel of engineering connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, reducing maritime travel time significantly. Travelers can witness the daily operations of this colossal structure, especially at the Miraflores Locks Visitor Center, where interactive exhibits, observation decks, and a short film provide in-depth insights into the canal’s construction and management.

Other Key Historical Sites

When venturing beyond the Panama Canal, visitors can explore an array of historical sites that tell tales of Panama’s rich and diverse history.

• Casco Viejo:

  • Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site, Casco Viejo is the historic district of Panama City, established in 1673.
  • The area features colonial-era architecture, cobblestone streets, and notable landmarks such as the Metropolitan Cathedral, the Presidential Palace, and the National Theater.
  • Travelers can enjoy vibrant plazas, local eateries, and artisan shops that dot this picturesque neighborhood.

• Panama Viejo:

  • These ruins mark the original Panama City, founded in 1519 and destroyed by pirate Henry Morgan in 1671.
  • It offers ruins of the old city, including the cathedral tower, which visitors can climb for panoramic views.
  • The on-site museum showcases artifacts and chronicles Panama’s tumultuous past.

• San Lorenzo Fort:

  • Located at the mouth of the Chagres River, this fort dates back to the late 16th century.
  • Built by the Spanish to guard against pirate attacks, it presents impressive views of the surrounding rainforests and ocean.
  • It is particularly renowned for its well-preserved cannons and strategic military architecture.

Museums and Cultural Sites

Panama’s museums provide comprehensive perspectives on its historical and cultural evolution.

• Biomuseo:

  • Designed by renowned architect Frank Gehry, this museum explores Panama’s biodiversity and role as a biological bridge.
  • Exhibits include geological history, evolution, and species adaptation.

• Museum of Contemporary Art Panama (MAC Panama):

  • Established in 1962, it is the only museum dedicated to contemporary art in Panama.

  • The museum showcases works by Panamanian and Latin American artists, focusing on modern and current artistic trends.

    Natural Wonders: Rainforests, Beaches, and Wildlife

Panama is a treasure trove of natural wonders, offering visitors a chance to experience diverse ecosystems and awe-inspiring landscapes. The rainforests of Panama are vibrant and teeming with life. Visitors can explore the lush foliage and unique flora and fauna at:

• Soberania National Park: Renowned for its rich biodiversity, this park is home to over 500 species of birds.
• Darien National Park: A UNESCO World Heritage site, it’s one of the most diverse and secluded rainforests in the world.
• Metropolitan Natural Park: Located within Panama City, it offers an urban escape into nature, showcasing tropical dry forest.

Beaches in Panama are equally breathtaking, ranging from pristine white sands to untouched stretches of coastline. These locales are perfect for relaxation, adventure, and water sports:

• San Blas Islands: Known for their crystal-clear waters and coral reefs, these islands are a slice of paradise.
• Bocas del Toro: A perfect blend of lively culture and serene beaches, ideal for snorkeling and diving.
• Santa Catalina: A hotspot for surfers and beach lovers alike, with consistent waves and beautiful scenery.

Wildlife enthusiasts will find Panama to be a haven of exotic species and unique habitats. The country’s varied ecosystems support a myriad of animal life including:

• Coiba National Park: This marine reserve features vibrant coral reefs and abundant marine life, including whale sharks.
• Barro Colorado Island: Located in Gatun Lake, it is a premier site for scientific research and wildlife observation.
• Isla Iguana: Esteemed for its beautiful beach and the multitude of iguanas and other wildlife residing on the island.

Exploring Panama’s natural wonders provides a rich and unforgettable experience for travelers seeking adventure and tranquility.

Cultural Experiences: Festivals, Music, and Cuisine

Panama offers a vibrant array of cultural experiences that can captivate any traveler. The nation’s festivals, music, and cuisine provide deep insights into the country’s rich heritage.

Festivals

Panama’s festival calendar is packed with celebrations that offer a glimpse into its cultural diversity and heritage.

• Carnival: This pre-Lenten festival is one of the most significant in Panama, marked by parades, music, dancing, and elaborate costumes. Held in February or March, it is celebrated with great fervor and showcases the lively Panamanian spirit.
• Independence Day: Celebrated on November 3rd, this day marks Panama’s independence from Colombia. Festivities include parades, traditional music, and speeches, reflecting national pride.
• Festival de la Mejorana: Held annually in Guararé, this festival celebrates Panama’s folkloric traditions. It features folk music, dances, and competitions in traditional arts such as pollera making and best tambo player.

Music

Music is an integral part of Panamanian culture, blending African, Native American, and Spanish influences.

• Tipico: This traditional music genre is often associated with dance and is characterized by the use of the accordion, drum, and violin. It is especially prominent in rural areas.
• Reggaeton: Panama has a rich history in reggaeton, a music style that combines reggae with Latin rhythms. Artists like El General have played a pivotal role in popularizing this genre internationally.
• Jazz: Panama has a thriving jazz scene, with the Panama Jazz Festival held annually in January. This event attracts artists and jazz enthusiasts from around the world, celebrating the genre’s rich history in the country.

Cuisine

Panamanian cuisine is a testament to the country’s cultural melting pot, incorporating influences from its diverse ethnic groups.

• Sancocho: A popular traditional soup made with chicken, yam, and various vegetables, often flavored with cilantro.
• Ceviche: A refreshing dish made from fresh raw fish cured in citrus juices, usually served with peppers and onions.
• Tamales: Corn dough filled with meat, wrapped in banana leaves, and steamed to perfection.

Exploring Panama through its festivals, music, and cuisine offers travelers an immersive cultural experience and a deeper connection with this Central American gem.

Adventure Activities: Hiking, Surfing, and Diving

Panama offers myriad adventure activities suited to thrill-seekers and nature enthusiasts. Exploring the rich landscapes and water bodies enables visitors to immerse themselves in the vibrant ecosystem and adrenaline-pumping experiences.

Hiking

1. La Amistad International Park

   • A UNESCO World Heritage Site shared with Costa Rica, featuring diverse flora and fauna.
   • Trails cater to varying difficulty levels, from easy to challenging treks.
   • Opportunity to observe indigenous wildlife and awe-inspiring waterfalls.

2. Sendero Los Quetzales

   • A 9 km trail renowned for its bird-watching opportunities, including the elusive Resplendent Quetzal.
   • Connects the towns of Boquete and Cerro Punta in the Chiriquí Highlands.
   • Guided tours available for an informative journey through the cloud forest.

3. Soberanía National Park

   • Located near Panama City, ideal for exploring tropical rainforests.
   • Known for its Pipeline Road, frequented by bird-watchers and nature photographers.
   • Various hiking paths showcasing the incredible diversity of plant and animal life.

Surfing

1. Santa Catalina

   • Famous for having the best waves in Panama, attracting surfers worldwide.
   • Suitable for both beginners and advanced surfers, with surf schools and rental shops available.
   • Picturesque beachfront setting with a friendly, laid-back atmosphere.

2. Playa Venao

   • A popular spot on the Azuero Peninsula offering consistent waves year-round.
   • Well-equipped with amenities such as beachfront accommodations and surf schools.
   • Hosts international surfing competitions and fosters a vibrant surf culture.

3. Bocas del Toro

   • Islands known for their varied surfing locations catering to different skill levels.
   • Consistent swells, especially during the peak surf season (November to April).
   • Accessible reef breaks and beach breaks, with surf shops and guided sessions.

Diving

1. Coiba National Park

   • A UNESCO World Heritage Site and marine reserve with spectacular underwater biodiversity.
   • Dive sites like Coiba Island and Hannibal Bank are renowned for pelagic species, including whale sharks and manta rays.
   • Day trips and liveaboard options available for immersive diving experiences.

2. Bocas del Toro Archipelago

   • Coral reefs, shipwrecks, and abundant marine life make this a prime diving destination.
   • Clear waters and mild currents favor divers of all experience levels.
   • Dive shops offering PADI certification and guided dives.

3. Pearl Islands

   • Known for pristine diving spots with fewer crowds.

   • Regular sightings of humpback whales during migration season (July to October).

   • Accessible diving sites and opportunities for underwater photography.

     The Archipelago Experience: San Blas Islands and Bocas del Toro

Panama’s archipelagos, San Blas Islands and Bocas del Toro, deliver a tantalizing blend of pristine beaches, rich culture, and unforgettable marine activities.

San Blas Islands

Located on Panama’s Caribbean coast, the San Blas Islands are home to the Guna Yala Indigenous people. This culturally immersive destination comprises over 360 islands and cays.

Highlights:

• Cultural Immersion: Visitors can engage with the Guna Yala community and learn about their traditions. Handcrafted molas, intricate textile art created by the Guna women, are highly sought after.
• Secluded Beaches: With limited infrastructure, these islands provide an exclusive escape from the hustle and bustle.
• Marine Activities:
  • Snorkeling and Diving: Crystal-clear waters afford extraordinary underwater explorations, revealing coral reefs and diverse marine life.
  • Sailing and Kayaking: Navigating through the islands offers a serene way to explore the archipelago’s natural beauty.

Bocas del Toro

Bocas del Toro, also located on the Caribbean coast, is renowned for its vibrant nightlife, lush rainforests, and ample opportunities for adventure.

Highlights:

• Island Hopping:
  • Isla Colón: The main island, known for its lively atmosphere and range of accommodations.
  • Isla Bastimentos: Offers a more relaxed vibe with stunning beaches and the enchanting Red Frog Beach.
• Ecotourism:
  • Dolphin Bay: Ideal for spotting playful dolphins in their natural habitat.
  • Cave Tours: Explore Nivida Bat Cave, featuring bat colonies and underground waterways.
• Adventure Activities:
  • Surfing: Playa Bluff and Silverbacks Beach attract surfers with challenging waves.
  • Zip-lining: Bastimentos Sky Zipline Canopy Tour provides a thrilling perspective of the rainforest canopy.

Hotels, hostels, and eco-lodges in both San Blas Islands and Bocas del Toro offer a range of accommodations that cater to diverse preferences and budgets, ensuring a comfortable stay.

Local Cuisine:

• San Blas Islands: Fresh seafood dishes featuring coconut, fish, and lobster are local specialties.
• Bocas del Toro: Fusion cuisine blending Caribbean, Latin American, and indigenous flavors, with highlights like patacones and fresh ceviche.

Both archipelagos offer unique experiences that cater to a variety of interests, from cultural immersion to adventure and relaxation. These destinations are a must-visit for travelers seeking an authentic Panamanian experience.

Luxury and Leisure: Resorts, Spas, and Relaxation Spots

Panama offers a plethora of lavish retreats and premier relaxation spots ideal for discerning travelers. Nestled between unspoiled nature and modern amenities, these luxurious destinations cater to those seeking tranquility and indulgence.

Top Resorts

1. The Buenaventura Golf & Beach Resort:

   • Set in the picturesque Coclé province.
   • Features a world-class golf course designed by Jack Nicklaus.
   • Upscale villas and suites with stunning views.

2. Isla Palenque Resort:

   • Located on a private island in the Gulf of Chiriquí.
   • Offers eco-luxury villas surrounded by untouched rainforests.
   • Private beach access and adventure tours available.

3. Westin Playa Bonita:

   • Situated near Panama City.
   • Boasts expansive ocean views and deluxe accommodations.
   • Multiple fine dining restaurants and extensive spa services.

Exclusive Spas

1. Pearl Spa at The Pearl Club:

   • Set in the JW Marriott Panama.
   • Comprehensive services, including hydrotherapy and facials.
   • Seaside cabanas for ultimate relaxation.

2. El Palmar Beach & Spa Retreat:

   • Located in San Carlos.
   • Yoga classes, holistic treatments, and organic meals.
   • Beachfront spa experiences blending modern and traditional techniques.

3. Makani Day Spa:

   • Located in Boquete.
   • Innovative treatments using natural local ingredients.
   • Wellness packages tailored to individual needs.

Relaxation Spots

1. Bocas del Toro:

   • Renowned for its serene beaches and lush landscapes.
   • Opportunities for snorkeling, diving, and sailing.
   • Numerous boutique hotels for an intimate stay.

2. Santa Catalina:

   • A serene coastal town famous for surfing and scuba diving.
   • Offers an array of quiet, beachfront accommodations.
   • Relaxed local culture and exceptional marine biodiversity.

3. El Valle de Antón:

   • Nestled in a dormant volcanic crater.
   • Home to thermal pools considered therapeutic.
   • Verdant trails and natural waterfalls for peaceful hikes.

Each resort, spa, and relaxation spot in Panama brings a unique blend of luxury and leisure, ensuring visitors experience the country’s natural beauty and modern comforts seamlessly.

Shopping in Panama: Markets, Malls, and Souvenirs

Panama offers a diverse shopping experience, blending traditional markets, modern malls, and unique souvenirs. For those exploring authentic local culture, visiting Panama’s markets is essential. The Mercado de Mariscos, or Fish Market, provides fresh seafood and colorful culinary spectacles. Nearby, Mercado de Artesanías offers handmade crafts, showcasing indigenous art and culture.

Markets

• Mercado de Mariscos: This bustling fish market is an attraction in itself. Visitors can find a variety of fresh fish and seafood, while outdoor vendors expertly prepare ceviche for eager patrons.
• Mercado de Artesanías: Located in the Casco Viejo district, this market includes handcrafted items such as molas, Panama hats, and other traditional gifts. Bargainers will appreciate the wide range of prices.
• Mercado de Abastos: Known for its fresh produce, this market is ideal for those wanting to explore local fruits and vegetables. Vendors sell everything from tropical fruits to traditional herbs.

Malls

• Albrook Mall: Renowned as one of the largest malls in Latin America, Albrook Mall includes over 700 stores. It features international brands, a movie theater, arcades, and a food court. It’s a one-stop destination for an all-day shopping experience.
• Multiplaza Pacific Mall: Located in Panama City, this upscale mall offers a luxurious shopping experience with high-end brands, exclusive boutiques, and upscale dining options. It attracts both locals and tourists.
• Soho Mall: This high-end mall focuses on premium brands and sophisticated dining options. It is an optimal choice for those seeking a more refined shopping environment.

Souvenirs

Purchasing local souvenirs is an integral part of the Panamanian shopping experience. Notable items include:

• Molas: Intricately designed textile art crafted by the Guna indigenous people, molas are vibrant and depict various cultural themes.
• Panama Hats: Despite the name, Panama hats originate from Ecuador but have become an iconic souvenir due to their high quality and stylish designs.
• Handmade Jewelry: Local artisans sell beautiful handmade pieces using indigenous techniques and materials, adding a unique touch to anyone’s collection.

Exploring the shopping venues in Panama provides travelers with innumerable options to immerse themselves in the country’s culture and lifestyle. From bustling markets to luxurious malls, every shopping interest is catered for.

Practical Tips for Travelers: Safety, Currency, and Transportation

Travelers can enhance their experiences in Panama by adhering to practical tips related to safety, currency, and transportation.

Safety Tips

• Stay Informed: Keep an eye on local news and updates from travel advisory sources.
• Emergency Contacts: Save the numbers of the local embassy or consulate, medical facilities, and the local police.
• Personal Belongings: Use anti-theft bags and avoid displaying valuables in public areas.
• Safe Areas: Identify and frequent well-lit, populated areas, particularly at night.
• Local Etiquette: Respect local traditions and laws to avoid misunderstandings.

Currency Tips

• Currency: The official currency is the Balboa (PAB), but the US Dollar (USD) is also accepted.
• Exchange Rates: Be aware of the current exchange rate between the Balboa and the US Dollar.
• ATMs: Accessible throughout major cities, but carry some cash for rural areas.
• Card Usage: Credit and debit cards are widely used, yet verify card compatibility before traveling.
• Tipping: Typically 10-15% in restaurants and service industries.

Transportation Tips

• Public Transportation: Panama City has an extensive bus and metro system; purchase a rechargeable Metrocard for convenience.
• Taxis: Opt for official taxis and agree on the fare beforehand as they do not use meters.
• Car Rentals: Available at major airports and cities; ensure possession of a valid driver’s license and study local driving laws.
• Ridesharing: Services like Uber operate in Panama City, providing an additional safe travel option.
• Domestic Flights: Consider domestic flights for long-distance travel between regions to save time.

Travelers should employ these practical tips to maximize their enjoyment and ensure a smooth, safe, and well-prepared journey through Panama.

Conclusion: Making the Most of Your Trip to Panama

A well-planned trip to Panama offers an array of experiences, from urban wonders to natural spectacles. By prioritizing the following elements, travelers can ensure a fulfilling and memorable visit:

Exploring the Urban Landscape

• Panama City: The capital is a vibrant blend of modernity and history.
  • Explore the Panama Canal, a marvel of engineering.
  • Stroll through Casco Viejo, the historic quarter with colonial-era architecture and charming plazas.
• Dining and Shopping: Savor local cuisine at renowned eateries and shop at trendy boutiques and lively markets.

Discovering the Natural Wonders

• Beaches and Islands: The Caribbean and Pacific coasts boast pristine beaches.
  • Visit the San Blas Islands, home to the indigenous Guna people.
  • Explore Bocas del Toro, known for its crystal-clear waters and diverse marine life.
• National Parks and Wildlife: Panama’s biodiversity is exemplary.
  • Hike through Soberanía National Park for birdwatching opportunities.
  • Visit Coiba National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage site known for its vibrant underwater ecosystems.

Cultural Immersion

• Indigenous Communities: Engage with native traditions and crafts.
  • Experience the rich cultural heritage of the Emberá and Wounaan tribes.
• Festivals and Events: Participate in local festivities.
  • Attend Panama Carnival, a vibrant display of music, dance, and colorful costumes.

Practical Tips for Travelers

• Transport: Utilize a combination of domestic flights, buses, and boats to navigate efficiently.
• Health and Safety: Stay updated on travel advisories, vaccinations, and safety tips.
• Language: Spanish is the official language. Basic phrases and translation apps can be helpful.

By embracing the diverse offerings and planning accordingly, travelers can deeply appreciate Panama’s unique charm and cultural richness. This approach not only enhances the travel experience but also fosters a deeper connection with the local heritage and natural beauty.